When the CD4 count of an adult falls below 200, there is a high risk of opportunistic infections and serious illnesses. Without appropriate treatment, a person with HIV will eventually progress to the advanced stage of infection, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) . CD4 cells (also known as CD4+ T cells) are white blood cells that fight infection. AIDS is the result of progression of HIV Infection. People with HIV are diagnosed with AIDS if they have a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3 or if they have certain opportunistic infections. the number of their CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3). In your body, cells called CD4 T cells coordinate your immune system’s response. The CD4 count is the most accurate measurement of the degree of immune system impairment, roughly correlates with duration and activity of HIV infection, and is the best predictor of prognosis. Stage 2 (HIV infection): The CD4+ cell count is 350 to 499. Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs with a low incidence in patients receiving HAART, once the CD4 count increases to over 200 microl. People with HIV are diagnosed with AIDS if they have a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3 or if they have certain opportunistic infections. A CD4 count is a test that measures the number of CD4 cells in your blood. It affects both CD4 helper T cells in the lymphoid tissue as well as T cells circulating in the peripheral blood. OR; they develop one or more opportunistic infections regardless of their CD4 count. Opportunistic infections (OIs) are illnesses that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with HIV. AIDS stands for “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” It is an advanced stage of HIV infection. What are opportunistic infections? Stage 4 (Acquired immunodeficiency … AIDS is the result of progression of HIV Infection. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus infection which causes an acquired immunodeficiency of the host via reduction in the number of CD4 T cells. CD4 count depletion is a consequence of HIV infection and leads to devastating opportunistic infections when left untreated. Without HIV medicine, people with AIDS typically survive about 3 years. If your immune system is strong, it can normally stop you from getting these infections. Doctors call this the asymptomatic period or chronic HIV infection. When someone with HIV has a weakened immune system (shown by a low CD4 count), they are at risk of ‘opportunistic infections’. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as an HIV infection with either a CD4 + T cell count below 200 cells per µL or the occurrence of specific diseases associated with HIV infection. The CD4 count is the most accurate measurement of the degree of immune system impairment, roughly correlates with duration and activity of HIV infection, and is the best predictor of prognosis. What is a CD4 count? The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mainly infects the CD4 cells in the immune system. AIDS stands for “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” It is an advanced stage of HIV infection. Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system and HIV infection advances to AIDS. Over years of untreated HIV infection, CD4 cell numbers usually drop gradually, but constantly, and the immune system is weakened. footnote 4 It may take years for HIV symptoms to develop during this stage. HIV is a viral infection. For people with advanced HIV, which is generally indicated by a CD4 lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells per μL (0.20 × 10 9 per L), … The CD4 cell count of a person who does not have HIV can be anything between 500 and 1500. Stage 1 (HIV infection): The CD4+ cell count is at least 500 cells per microliter. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. Once a person is diagnosed with AIDS, they can have a high viral load and are able to transmit HIV to others very easily. What is a CD4 count? Opportunistic infections (OIs) are illnesses that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with HIV. HIV infection leads to a weakened immune system. Almost half of the patients had a CD4 count more than three months after HIV diagnosis or had no CD4 count at all. Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with weakened immune systems, including people with HIV. Other Considerations/Comments: For patients with non-life-threatening adverse reactions to TMP-SMX, the drug should be continued if clinically feasible. About 15% of the patients had a CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 at HIV diagnosis and 13% of the patients never received cART. If nothing is done to slow or halt this destruction, it becomes unable to fight infections and you become ill. If your immune system is strong, it can normally stop you from getting these infections. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mainly infects the CD4 cells in the immune system. Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system and HIV infection advances to AIDS. Stage 3 (advanced HIV disease or AHD): The CD4+ cell count is 200 to 349. Persons with a CD4 Count Less than 200 cells/mm 3: The MMR and MMRV vaccines are contraindicated in persons with HIV infection who have a CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm 3 (AIII). A person is said to have AIDS when their CD4 count (a protein found on the surface of immune cells) falls below 200 (or the CD4 percentage falls below 14%) or when they develop certain opportunistic infections or cancers. Opportunistic Infections Indication Preferred Alternative; Coccidioidomycosis: A new positive IgM or IgG serologic test in patients who live in a disease-endemic area and with CD4 count <250 cells/µL(BIII)Fluconazole 400 mg PO daily (BIII)Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infection The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mainly infects the CD4 cells in the immune system. The most common initial conditions that alert to the presence of AIDS … Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes immunodeficiency by infecting and destroying cells of the immune system, particularly the CD4 cells. It targets and gradually weakens the body’s immune system by damaging cells called CD4 T cells. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. CD4 cells (also known as CD4+ T cells) are white blood cells that fight infection. CD4 cells, also known as T cells, are white blood cells that fight infection and play an important role in your immune system.A CD4 count is used to check the health of the immune system in people infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).. HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells. These are illnesses that are more common among those with weak immune systems. CMV was once the most common viral opportunistic infection -- illnesses that are worse or happen more often in people with weakened immune systems -- tied to HIV. (In someone with a healthy immune system, CD4 counts are between 500 and 1,600 cells/mm3.) A person is said to have AIDS when their CD4 count (a protein found on the surface of immune cells) falls below 200 (or the CD4 percentage falls below 14%) or when they develop certain opportunistic infections or cancers. Over years of untreated HIV infection, CD4 cell numbers usually drop gradually, but constantly, and the immune system is weakened. Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs with a low incidence in patients receiving HAART, once the CD4 count increases to over 200 microl. Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with weakened immune systems, including people with HIV. HIV and opportunistic infections. their CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells per milliliter of blood. An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available.These opportunities can stem from a variety of sources, such as a weakened immune system (as can occur in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or when being treated with immunosuppressive drugs, as in … But even though no symptoms are present, the virus is making copies of itself (multiplying) in the body during this time. HIV attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4 cells (CD4 T lymphocyte) of the immune system. These are illnesses that are more common among those with weak immune systems. A test that measures the number of CD4 cells in the blood, thus reflecting the state of the immune system. This makes a person with HIV vulnerable to infections. Background: There are few recent data on the rates of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (OIs) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in care in the United States and Canada. What are opportunistic infections? Stage 3 (advanced HIV disease or AHD): The CD4+ cell count is 200 to 349. The CD4 cell count of a person who does not have HIV can be anything between 500 and 1500. Classifies stages 1–3 of HIV infection on the basis of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count unless persons have had a stage-3–defining opportunistic illness. A CD4 count is a test that measures the number of CD4 cells in your blood. CD4 count <100 cells/mm 3 regardless of HIV RNA (AIII) CD4 count 100–200 cells/mm 3 and HIV RNA above detection limit of the assay used (AIII). The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into four stages. An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available.These opportunities can stem from a variety of sources, such as a weakened immune system (as can occur in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or when being treated with immunosuppressive drugs, as in … Anyone infected with HIV, although healthy, can still transmit the virus to another person. AIDS results when HIV infection progresses to an advanced stage, damaging the In your body, cells called CD4 T cells coordinate your immune system’s response. The most common initial conditions that alert to the presence of AIDS … Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with weakened immune systems, including people with HIV. their CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells per milliliter of blood. Stage 1 (HIV infection): The CD4+ cell count is at least 500 cells per microliter. That means if a person with HIV has one of these conditions, they are diagnosed with AIDS, the most serious stage of HIV infection. CD4 cell count is an indicator of immune function in patients living with HIV and one of the key determinants for the need of opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis. During … (In someone with a healthy immune system, CD4 counts are between 500 and 1,600 cells/mm3.) HIV and opportunistic infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into four stages. For people with advanced HIV, which is generally indicated by a CD4 lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells per μL (0.20 × 10 9 per L), … Doctors identify AIDS as having a CD4 count of fewer than 200 cells per cubic millimeter. For people with advanced HIV, which is generally indicated by a CD4 lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells per μL (0.20 × 10 9 per L), … Doctors call this the asymptomatic period or chronic HIV infection. If nothing is done to slow or halt this destruction, it becomes unable to fight infections and you become ill. The CD4 cell count of a person who does not have HIV can be anything between 500 and 1500. The hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis is a progressive depletion of CD4 + T-cell populations in close association with progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OI). Classifies stages 1–3 of HIV infection on the basis of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count unless persons have had a stage-3–defining opportunistic illness. Legionella pneumophila infections appear to be uncommon in HIV-infected patients, while pneumonia with Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to occur with regularity, including infections with antibiotic-resistant isolates. CD4 count depletion is a consequence of HIV infection and leads to devastating opportunistic infections when left untreated. Stage 4 (Acquired immunodeficiency … CD4 cell count is an indicator of immune function in patients living with HIV and one of the key determinants for the need of opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis. When someone with HIV has a weakened immune system (shown by a low CD4 count), they are at risk of ‘opportunistic infections’. In the absence of specific treatment, around half of people infected with HIV develop AIDS within ten years. It affects both CD4 helper T cells in the lymphoid tissue as well as T cells circulating in the peripheral blood. Without HIV medicine, people with AIDS typically survive about 3 years. Classifies stages 1–3 of HIV infection on the basis of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count unless persons have had a stage-3–defining opportunistic illness. When someone with HIV has a weakened immune system (shown by a low CD4 count), they are at risk of ‘opportunistic infections’. AIDS results when HIV infection progresses to an advanced stage, damaging the In your body, cells called CD4 T cells coordinate your immune system’s response. The loss of CD4 cells makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections and certain cancers. About 15% of the patients had a CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 at HIV diagnosis and 13% of the patients never received cART. Methods: We studied HIV-infected participants in 16 cohorts in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) during 2000-2010. CD4 cell count is an indicator of immune function in patients living with HIV and one of the key determinants for the need of opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis. The second stage of HIV infection is defined by the CDC as a CD4+ cell count of 200 to 499 or a percentage of CD4+ cells of 14% to 28%. Once a person is diagnosed with AIDS, they can have a high viral load and are able to transmit HIV to others very easily. Many OIs are considered AIDS-defining conditions. A test that measures the number of CD4 cells in the blood, thus reflecting the state of the immune system. The loss of CD4 cells makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections and certain cancers. During … HIV is a viral infection. Persons with a CD4 Count Less than 200 cells/mm 3: The MMR and MMRV vaccines are contraindicated in persons with HIV infection who have a CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm 3 (AIII). Stage 2 (HIV infection): The CD4+ cell count is 350 to 499. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into four stages. Legionella pneumophila infections appear to be uncommon in HIV-infected patients, while pneumonia with Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to occur with regularity, including infections with antibiotic-resistant isolates. Opportunistic Infections Indication Preferred Alternative; Coccidioidomycosis: A new positive IgM or IgG serologic test in patients who live in a disease-endemic area and with CD4 count <250 cells/µL(BIII)Fluconazole 400 mg PO daily (BIII)Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infection the number of their CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3). CD4 count <100 cells/mm 3 regardless of HIV RNA (AIII) CD4 count 100–200 cells/mm 3 and HIV RNA above detection limit of the assay used (AIII). AIDS is the result of progression of HIV Infection. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as an HIV infection with either a CD4 + T cell count below 200 cells per µL or the occurrence of specific diseases associated with HIV infection. The CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage is used only when the corresponding CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is unknown. HIV attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4 cells (CD4 T lymphocyte) of the immune system. Many OIs are considered AIDS-defining conditions. In the absence of specific treatment, around half of people infected with HIV develop AIDS within ten years. Other Considerations/Comments: For patients with non-life-threatening adverse reactions to TMP-SMX, the drug should be continued if clinically feasible. Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs with a low incidence in patients receiving HAART, once the CD4 count increases to over 200 microl. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus infection which causes an acquired immunodeficiency of the host via reduction in the number of CD4 T cells. footnote 4 It may take years for HIV symptoms to develop during this stage. Background: There are few recent data on the rates of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (OIs) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in care in the United States and Canada. In the absence of specific treatment, around half of people infected with HIV develop AIDS within ten years. CMV was once the most common viral opportunistic infection -- illnesses that are worse or happen more often in people with weakened immune systems -- tied to HIV. The hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis is a progressive depletion of CD4 + T-cell populations in close association with progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OI). This makes a person with HIV vulnerable to infections. But even though no symptoms are present, the virus is making copies of itself (multiplying) in the body during this time. Over years of untreated HIV infection, CD4 cell numbers usually drop gradually, but constantly, and the immune system is weakened. That means if a person with HIV has one of these conditions, they are diagnosed with AIDS, the most serious stage of HIV infection. Methods: We studied HIV-infected participants in 16 cohorts in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) during 2000-2010. OR; they develop one or more opportunistic infections regardless of their CD4 count. footnote 4 It may take years for HIV symptoms to develop during this stage. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes immunodeficiency by infecting and destroying cells of the immune system, particularly the CD4 cells. CD4 cells (also known as CD4+ T cells) are white blood cells that fight infection. The loss of CD4 cells makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections and certain cancers. Doctors call this the asymptomatic period or chronic HIV infection. Stage 3 (advanced HIV disease or AHD): The CD4+ cell count is 200 to 349. HIV and opportunistic infections. Doctors identify AIDS as having a CD4 count of fewer than 200 cells per cubic millimeter. Almost half of the patients had a CD4 count more than three months after HIV diagnosis or had no CD4 count at all. Without HIV medicine, people with AIDS typically survive about 3 years. Legionella pneumophila infections appear to be uncommon in HIV-infected patients, while pneumonia with Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to occur with regularity, including infections with antibiotic-resistant isolates. When the CD4 count of an adult falls below 200, there is a high risk of opportunistic infections and serious illnesses. HIV infection leads to a weakened immune system. the number of their CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3). The most common initial conditions that alert to the presence of AIDS … What are opportunistic infections? The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes immunodeficiency by infecting and destroying cells of the immune system, particularly the CD4 cells. The second stage of HIV infection is defined by the CDC as a CD4+ cell count of 200 to 499 or a percentage of CD4+ cells of 14% to 28%. HIV attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4 cells (CD4 T lymphocyte) of the immune system. Cause of death in HIV infectionCause of death in HIV infection • Despite progress in dealing directly with HIV, however, the virus, by impairing the immune system, exposes the infected person to a range of opportunistic viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections and malignancies. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as an HIV infection with either a CD4 + T cell count below 200 cells per µL or the occurrence of specific diseases associated with HIV infection. OR; they develop one or more opportunistic infections regardless of their CD4 count. CD4 count depletion is a consequence of HIV infection and leads to devastating opportunistic infections when left untreated. The hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis is a progressive depletion of CD4 + T-cell populations in close association with progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OI). These are illnesses that are more common among those with weak immune systems. About 15% of the patients had a CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 at HIV diagnosis and 13% of the patients never received cART. What is a CD4 count? AIDS results when HIV infection progresses to an advanced stage, damaging the CD4 cell counts are obtained from bloodwork as part of laboratory monitoring for HIV infection. Disease progression in untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can take many years, and it was … Anyone infected with HIV, although healthy, can still transmit the virus to another person. If your immune system is strong, it can normally stop you from getting these infections. Stage 2 (HIV infection): The CD4+ cell count is 350 to 499. CD4 cell counts are obtained from bloodwork as part of laboratory monitoring for HIV infection. A CD4 count is a test that measures the number of CD4 cells in your blood. Background: There are few recent data on the rates of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (OIs) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in care in the United States and Canada. Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system and HIV infection advances to AIDS. CD4 cells, also known as T cells, are white blood cells that fight infection and play an important role in your immune system.A CD4 count is used to check the health of the immune system in people infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).. HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells. CD4 cells, also known as T cells, are white blood cells that fight infection and play an important role in your immune system.A CD4 count is used to check the health of the immune system in people infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).. HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells. The CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage is used only when the corresponding CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is unknown. Disease progression in untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can take many years, and it was … Stage 1 (HIV infection): The CD4+ cell count is at least 500 cells per microliter. Doctors identify AIDS as having a CD4 count of fewer than 200 cells per cubic millimeter. It affects both CD4 helper T cells in the lymphoid tissue as well as T cells circulating in the peripheral blood. Once a person is diagnosed with AIDS, they can have a high viral load and are able to transmit HIV to others very easily. It targets and gradually weakens the body’s immune system by damaging cells called CD4 T cells. AIDS stands for “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” It is an advanced stage of HIV infection. Methods: We studied HIV-infected participants in 16 cohorts in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) during 2000-2010. That means if a person with HIV has one of these conditions, they are diagnosed with AIDS, the most serious stage of HIV infection. Anyone infected with HIV, although healthy, can still transmit the virus to another person. A test that measures the number of CD4 cells in the blood, thus reflecting the state of the immune system. The second stage of HIV infection is defined by the CDC as a CD4+ cell count of 200 to 499 or a percentage of CD4+ cells of 14% to 28%. If nothing is done to slow or halt this destruction, it becomes unable to fight infections and you become ill. Persons with a CD4 Count Less than 200 cells/mm 3: The MMR and MMRV vaccines are contraindicated in persons with HIV infection who have a CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm 3 (AIII). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus infection which causes an acquired immunodeficiency of the host via reduction in the number of CD4 T cells. An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available.These opportunities can stem from a variety of sources, such as a weakened immune system (as can occur in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or when being treated with immunosuppressive drugs, as in … People with HIV are diagnosed with AIDS if they have a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3 or if they have certain opportunistic infections. CD4 cell counts are obtained from bloodwork as part of laboratory monitoring for HIV infection. their CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells per milliliter of blood. CMV was once the most common viral opportunistic infection -- illnesses that are worse or happen more often in people with weakened immune systems -- tied to HIV. But even though no symptoms are present, the virus is making copies of itself (multiplying) in the body during this time. Cause of death in HIV infectionCause of death in HIV infection • Despite progress in dealing directly with HIV, however, the virus, by impairing the immune system, exposes the infected person to a range of opportunistic viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections and malignancies. Disease progression in untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can take many years, and it was … Without appropriate treatment, a person with HIV will eventually progress to the advanced stage of infection, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) . It targets and gradually weakens the body’s immune system by damaging cells called CD4 T cells. Stage 4 (Acquired immunodeficiency … During … CD4 count <100 cells/mm 3 regardless of HIV RNA (AIII) CD4 count 100–200 cells/mm 3 and HIV RNA above detection limit of the assay used (AIII). HIV infection leads to a weakened immune system. Opportunistic infections (OIs) are illnesses that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with HIV. Other Considerations/Comments: For patients with non-life-threatening adverse reactions to TMP-SMX, the drug should be continued if clinically feasible. The CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage is used only when the corresponding CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is unknown. Without appropriate treatment, a person with HIV will eventually progress to the advanced stage of infection, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) . Many OIs are considered AIDS-defining conditions. Almost half of the patients had a CD4 count more than three months after HIV diagnosis or had no CD4 count at all. HIV is a viral infection. This makes a person with HIV vulnerable to infections. (In someone with a healthy immune system, CD4 counts are between 500 and 1,600 cells/mm3.) Cause of death in HIV infectionCause of death in HIV infection • Despite progress in dealing directly with HIV, however, the virus, by impairing the immune system, exposes the infected person to a range of opportunistic viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections and malignancies. Opportunistic Infections Indication Preferred Alternative; Coccidioidomycosis: A new positive IgM or IgG serologic test in patients who live in a disease-endemic area and with CD4 count <250 cells/µL(BIII)Fluconazole 400 mg PO daily (BIII)Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infection When the CD4 count of an adult falls below 200, there is a high risk of opportunistic infections and serious illnesses. The CD4 count is the most accurate measurement of the degree of immune system impairment, roughly correlates with duration and activity of HIV infection, and is the best predictor of prognosis. 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